ࡱ> uwtq \|bjbjt+t+ 8AA\x]t2pppppppp$, ppppp ppp pppp : hp4<`TJRUNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN SOUTHERN DIVISION CITY OF RIVER ROUGE, a Municipal Corporation, Plaintiffs, CLASS ACTION vs. Case No. UNITED STATES STEEL CORPORATION, Hon. a Delaware corporation, Defendant. _______________________________________________________________/ CHARFOOS & CHRISTENSON, P.C. Jason J. Thompson P-47184 L. S. Charfoos P-11799 Attorneys for Plaintiffs 5510 Woodward Avenue Detroit, Michigan 48202 (313) 875-8080 BERRY MOORMAN P.C. Hugh B. Thomas P-40884 James P. Murphy P-36728 Attorneys for Plaintiffs 535 Griswold, Suite 1900 Detroit, Michigan 48226 (313) 496-1200 DAVID A. BOWER, P.C. David A. Bower P-38004 Attorneys for Plaintiffs 10600 W. Jefferson #204 P.O. Box 18190 River Rouge, Michigan 48218 (313) 842-1292 _________________________________________________________________/ CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT JURY TRIAL DEMAND There is no pending or resolved civil action arising out of the same trans- action or occurrence as alleged in the complaint. _________________________________ JASON J. THOMPSON (P47184) Attorneys for Plaintiff _________________________________________________________________/ The City of River Rouge, a Michigan Municipal Corporation, on behalf of itself and its citizens, and by their attorneys, Charfoos & Christensen, P.C., Berry Moorman P.C., and David A. Bower, P.C., aver as follows. OVERVIEW 1. Plaintiffs asserts the claims pursuant to the Michigan Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act, and Michigan common law for damages and requests both monetary and equitable relief for statutory violations and common-law liability arising from the operation of United States Steel Corporations Ecorse, Michigan Steel Plant and the release and discharge of certain toxic and hazardous substances, including Manganese. 2. This action involves air pollution emitted from Defendants steel plant that causes property damage, public health risks and nuisance damages in violation of Federal and State Law. The City of River Rouge is concerned about the continued pollution and the potential adverse health effects of the pollutants emitted from Defendants steel plant. PARTIES, JURISIDICTION AND VENUE 3. Plaintiff the City of River Rouge is a municipal corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Michigan. 4. Defendant United States Steel Corporation (USSC) is a foreign corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, maintains its principal place of business in the State of Pennsylvania and operates a steel processing plant known as United States Steel, Great Lakes Works located at One Quality Drive, Ecorse, Michigan within the jurisdictional boundaries of the Eastern District of Michigan. 5. Plaintiff and Defendant are completely diverse therefore this Court has diversity jurisdiction pursuant to 23 U.S.C. 1332. 6. The amount in controversy exceeds the sum of $75,000, or the Court has supplemental jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 1367(a). See Olden v. LaFarge Corp., 203 F.R.D. 254 (E.D. Mich. 2001), and further, the equitable remedy requested will cost Defendant approximately over 75,0000 per year. FACTUAL ALLEGATIONS DEFENDANTS STEEL MANUFACTURING 7. Defendant owns and operates a steel plant that it purchased on May 20, 2003, from National Steel Corp as part of a National Steels bankruptcy proceeding. The plant is now known as United States Steel, Great Lakes Works (USSGLW) 8. Great Lakes Works is situated along the Detroit River in the cities of Ecorse and River Rouge, Michigan. It consists of approximately 1,100 acres and has both steel making and finishing facilities, making it one of five integrated steel making facilities U. S. Steel operates in the United States. Sheet products primarily for use in the automotive industry are manufactured at Great Lakes Works. Products include hot rolled, cold rolled, electrolytic galvanized, hot dip galvanized and high-strength, low-allow steel. 9. The iron ore and coke are combined with limestone in the blast furnaces. The molten iron that emerges is sent on to basic oxygen furnaces where steel scrap is added and carbon and other impurities are removed by the injection of oxygen during what is called a basic oxygen process or BOP. After leaving the "BOP shop," the steel is further refined before being poured into continuous casters, which form the slabs from which all flat steel products are made. 10. Defendants present annual raw steel making capacity at Great Lakes Works is 3.5 million tons and its facilities include: Three Blast Furnaces Two BOP Vessels Vacuum Degasser Ladle Metallurgy Facility Two Continuous Casters 80" Hot Strip Mill Pickle Line 80" Tandem Cold Reduction Mill Batch Anneal Temper Mill Electrogalvanizing Line Continuous Galvanizing Line 11. The manufacturing process utilized by Defendant produces well known pollutants, including manganese, benzene, chromium, copper, mercury, lead, and zinc to name a few. Furthermore, the process can produce material called kish, commonly described as a metal-like dust coating that covers everything within the fallout area. 12. The plant operates very old equipment with very poor pollution controls. FEDERAL POLLUTION DATA 13. Pursuant to Federal law, Defendant is required to report the identity and quantity of certain toxins released into the environment during its operation. The information is called Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) data and it is maintained by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This inventory was established under the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986 (EPCRA) and expanded by the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990. 14. The TRI data can be used to identify sources of pollution, determine quantities of emissions, and measure progress in pollution control measures enacted from year to year. The data can be used to assess potential environmental exposure and risk to public health. 15. The TRI data for Defendant identifies the amount of toxins released during the steel making process, including manganese, benzene, chromium, copper, mercury, lead, and zinc. For example, 10,700 pounds (lbs.) of manganese compounds were released into the air in 2002; 8,600 lbs. in 2001; 9,400 lbs. in 2000; and 9,400 lbs. in 1999 from the Ecorse USSGLWs steel plant while operated by National Steel. AMBIENT AIR SAMPLING AND TESTING RESULTS WITHIN THE CITY OF RIVER ROUGE A. City of River Rouge Ambient Air Testing 16. Ambient air sampling and testing demonstrates how much of a compound is in the air at a given location in a given period of time. Federal and State pollution laws set limits for pollutant concentrations in ambient air. 17. The City of River Rouge has paid for accredited and industry standard ambient air testing within the City of River Rouge to determine whether Defendant has violated environmental laws and put the public at risk for health problems. 18. Integrated Environmental, Inc. (Integrated), an environmental consulting company based in Livonia, Michigan conducted ambient air testing at 150 E. Great Lakes Avenue, River Rouge, Michigan. Using high-volume air sampling equipment, Integrated tested for Semi-volatile Organic Compounds, Carbon yl compounds, and Total Suspended Air Particulate (TSP) with metal analysis. 19. Samples collected on October 8 and 24, and November 4, 2000 indicated the presence of the following U.S. Steel pollutants: benzene, chromium, lead, manganese, particulate and zinc to name a few. These sample results demonstrate the presence of Defendants steel plant pollutants in the ambient air within the community of River Rouge. 20. Testing in 2003 and 2004 produced similar results including concentrations of the toxic substance manganese emitted by the U.S. Steel facilityUSSGLW at concentrations that exceed the health standard. B. Michigan Department of Enviornmental Quality Test Results 21. The Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) maintains an ambient air sampling machine at 315 South Genesse Street, River Rouge, Michigan. The station samples for air pollutants such as VOCs, carbonyl compounds and metals. 22. The 2000 Annual Air Quality Report for Michigan published by the MDEQ indicates the presence of the U.S. Steel facility pollutants benzene, chromium, lead, copper, manganese, particulate and zinc to name a few. 23. Testing results in 2001, 2002, and 2003 produced similar results. These samples provide information about Defendants steel plant and permit better analysis of current data. C. Comparison of MDEQ and City of River Rouge Ambient Air Sample Test Data 24. Comparison of the MDEQ test results and those from the City of River Rouge produces a consistent picture of the U.S. Steel pollutant manganese emission in the ambient air in the City of River Rouge. The number of samples with manganese present at the MDEQ station in 2000 was 27 of 27; in 2001 was 48 of 48; in 2002 was 54 of 54; in 2003 was 55 of 55. The number of samples with manganese present at the City testing station in 2000 was 3 of 3; in 2003 was 15 of 15; and in 2004 was 28 of 28. 25. Further, the test data confirms the presence of manganese at concentrations that exceed the health based standard established by the MDEQ pursuant to the Federal Clean Air Act. In 2000, at least 6 samples had excessive levels. In 2001, at least 3 samples had excessive levels. In 2002, at least 3 samples had excessive levels. In 2003, at least 4 samples had excessive levels. In 2004, 21 of 43 samples had excessive levels. D. City of River Rouge Fall Out Sampling Testing Results 26. The City of River Rouge has paid for accredited and industry standard Dust Fall testing within the City of River Rouge to determine whether Defendant has violated environmental laws and put the public at risk for health problems. 27. Integrated Environmental, Inc., an environmental consulting company based in Livonia, Michigan has conducted sampling at 75 Stoner Street, River Rouge, Michigan. The sampling was constructed pursuant to the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) standard. D 1739-98. 28. Samples were collected on a monthly basis between October 31, 2003 and October 11, 2004. The results indicated the presence of chromium, lead, manganese, zinc and copper to name a few. These samples provide information about Defendants steel plant and permit better analysis of current data. 29. Furthermore, per the ASTM standard, the sampling station was elevated 2 meters above the ground surface. The sample test results therefore are representative of particulate fallout from the air and not the re-suspension substances present on the ground. VIOLATIONS and CITATIONS of USSGLW 30. The MDEQ has cited U.S. Steel for violations of the Clean Air Act since they assumed ownership and control of the Ecorse steel plantUSSGLW. For example: A. The March 4, 2004 Letter of Violation 31. On March 4, 2004 Bernardo Sia, Senior Environmental Engineer of the Air Quality Control Division of the MDEQ issued a Letter of Violation to Defendant. Defendant was cited for violating its Permit to Install No. 256-02. The permit was issued for A, B, and D Blast Furnaces and set forth the combined production limits for the three furnaces. The permit required testing within one year to determine levels of particulate matter emissions. Blast Furnace A had not commenced trial operation, and testing for furnace B was four months overdue. 32. The Letter of Violation advised Defendant that its B Blast Furnace cast house emissions control cannot maintain continuous compliance with the applicable PM emission limits due to Defendants Failure to install, maintain and operate in a satisfactory manner proper air pollution control equipment 33. The Letter of Violation also referenced a February 6, 2004 letter from Defendant to the MDEQ that its No 5 Coke Oven Battery Quench Tower Baffels were not properly maintained and were in need of repair or replacement. The Coke Battery Tower caused particulate fallout on Mr. Sias car during an inspection. Violations were issued at that time. Due to the lack of response to the mentioned violations by Defendant, the matter was sent to the Air Quality Control Enforcement Division of the MDEQ. 34. On March 30, 2004 Defendant responded to the March 4, Letter of Violation and described failed pollution control equipment as the reason for the emission violations and problems. Defendant explained that to fix the problems, a work interruption would be required. Defendant promised to commence replacement of the defective equipment no latter than October 31, 2004. B. The March 29, 2004 Notice of Violation of the Site Implementation Plan 35. On March 29th, 2004 Stephen Rothblatt of the United State Environmental Protection Agency sent Defendant a Notice of Violation advising them that they were violating the Michigan State Implementation Plan (SIP). 36. Defendant was in violation of requirements concerning its hot metal desulfurization units. 37. Pursuant to 42 U.S.C 7413, the EPA had the option of issuing an administrative compliance order, issuance of an administrative penalty order, or bringing a judicial criminal or civil action against Defendant. Before deciding what sanction to issue, the EPA ordered a conference with Defendants engineers and management. C. The April 1, 2004 Letter of Violation 38. On April 1, 2004 the MDEQ issued another Letter of violation to Defendant. This time the violation was based on certified visible opacity emission reading of emissions coming from the roof monitors of the Basic Oxygen Furnace. 39. Opacity readings are standard tests of the ability of light to travel through air pollution over a given time period. The greater the pollution, the higher the opacity reading. A high opacity reading is evidence of excessive air pollution. 40. Visible emissions for the furnace were greater than the 20% opacity limit. 41. The 6 minute average reading from the Basic Oxygen Furnace was 51.25%, which is more than 2.5 times the acceptable limit of 20%. 42. The roof monitors recorded a 100% opacity reading with a thick brownish color. 43. Defendant was instructed to take corrective action but the problem went uncorrected. D. The April 1, 2004 Request for Escalated Enforcement Action 44. On April 1 2004, Teresa Seidel, Enforcement Unit Supervisor of the MDEQ, requested that escalated enforcement action be taken against Defendant, including specifically, entering into a consent order for violation of R910. Special conditions of Permit to Install No. 256-02, 414-96, C-6426, and C-7070 due to the length of time for compliance involved. 45. A consent order is usually reserved for a final sanction in situations where a polluter fails to respond to less severe measures. Often fines are imposed and corrective measures are forced onto the resistant polluter. 46. The letter requesting the enforcement action set forth a detailed history of the actions and violations leading up to and supporting the request. Many of those letters and actions are in addition to the above references. 47. USSGLW stated that they were 100% committed to environmental compliance and promised to take measures to stop polluting in violation of the law. However, the conclusion was that since achieving compliance would take almost two years, a legally binding instrument such as a Consent Order should be entered with the company. E. The April 20, 2004 Letter of Violation 48. On April 20, 2004 the MDEQ issued another Letter of violation to Defendant. This time the violation was based on testing of Defendants ESP stack. Again, the testing showed violations of opacity limits. 49. The six-minute opacity reading observed from the ESP stack was 56.4, which is almost 3 times the acceptable limit of 20%. Defendant was instructed to take corrective action but the problem went uncorrected. F. USSGLW is Placed on the USEPAs High Priority Violators List 50. On April 21, 2004, Ronald J. Pollum of the Enforcement Unit of the DEQ, Air Quality Division advised Defendant that their its protracted failure to remedy the above outlined violations, were of Federal significance. 51. Defendant was placed on the USEPAs High Priority Violators List. 52. Defendant was required to meet and discuss necessary corrective actions to be removed from the list, or face prosecution by the Attorney General and/or judicial proceeding under the Clean Air Act. G. The June 28th Letter of Violation 53. On June 28th, 2004 Defendant was again sent a Letter of Violation from the MDEQ. This time a visible emission from Defendants BOF electrostatic precipitator stack. 54. The six-minute average opacity reading was 81.88%, which is more than 4 times the acceptable limit of 20%. Defendant was instructed to take corrective action but the problem went uncorrected. H. The August 24th Letter of Violation 55. On August 28th, 2004 Defendant was again sent a Letter of Violation from the MDEQ. This time two more visible emissions from Defendants BOF electrostatic precipitator stack exceeded the limits. 56. On 8/17/04 the six-minute average opacity reading was 63.125% and on 8/18/04, which is more than 3 times the acceptable limit and the six-minute average reading was 77.50%, which is almost 4 times the acceptable limit. Defendant was instructed to take corrective action but the problem went uncorrected. I. The October 4, 2004 Letter of Violation 57. On October 4, 2004, Defendant was again sent a Letter of Violation for excessive air emissions. This time, tests performed on the Blast Furnace D for fugitive dust emissions revealed a lack of compliance with applicable standards. 58. Defendant was instructed to take corrective action but the problem went uncorrected. CITIZENS COMPLAINTIS of AIR POLLUTION 59. There have been numerous complaints of Defendants air pollution filed by citizens living in the surrounding communities. 60. In addition, several National Response Center Incident Reports have been filed by Defendant because of their its air pollution. 61. The reports reveal that equipment and/or personnel failures result in emissions and leaks of dangerous chemicals such as benzene, coke oven failures, coke oven gas releases and other problems all documented in public records. 62. Complaints have been logged with the Pollution Emergency Alert System (PEAS) describing a huge plume of smoke orange in color moving into Canada from Defendants plant. 63. On June 25th, 2004 the Canadian Ministry of the Environment investigated complaints of metallic like fallout on vehicles in LaSalle Canada. The police collected samples and they were tested. The material was graphite with iron oxide, known as kish flakes which is typical of a steel foundry. 64. On June 14, 2003 an Ecorse resident filed a complaint with the MDEQ regarding her house, car and body being covered with kish. Samples of shinny particles were collected from inside the residents house and pictures were taken. Test results again confirmed metallic oxide particles, kish. 65. On May 15, 2003 two Ecorse residents filed complaints with the MDEQ. One resident reported that while hosting an outdoor dinner a mist of metal shavings fell from the sky. It was described like pencil lead. It contaminated the food and landed everywhere. The other resident described the situation like it was snowing graphite . He said the fallout landed on cars, lawns, and sidewalks. The public records contain more complaints of a similar nature. PUBLIC HEALTH 66. The public health risks of manganese are well known. Of significance is the risk of respiratory and pulmonary harm and a Parkinson-like condition identified by the medical community as manganism. 67. Some of the most dangerous particulate to human health is the PM-10 fraction (i.e., respirable; Particulate Matter with a nominal aerodynamic diameter of 10 microns). 68. The City of River Rouge testing reveals the existence of manganese in the PM-10 fraction at a concentration that exceeds the health standard. 69. Manganism has been documented for over 100 years. Manganism causes neurological disruption and symptoms similar to those associated with Parkinsons Diseases. 70. The EPAs Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, for a hazard ranking under Section 112(g) of the Clean Air Act Amendments, considers manganese to be a high concern pollutant based on severe chronic toxicity (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Technical Background Document to Support Rulemaking Pursuant to the Clean Air Act Section 112(g). Ranking of Pollutants with Respect to Hazard to Human Health. Emissions Standards Division, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC. 1994.) 71 The World Health Organization Geneva, 1999 report entitled, Manganese and Its Compounds, Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 12, was published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, and the World Health Organization. It reported as follows: In chronic inhalation exposure to manganese, the main organ systems affected are the lungs, nervous system, and reproductive system, although effects on other organ systems have also been observed. A recurring manganic pneumonia and acute respiratory effects have been associated with chronic inhalation exposures to manganese. Effects on the nervous system include neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms that can culminate in a Parkinsonism-like disease known as manganism; Reproductive effects of chronic inhalation exposure to manganese include decreased libido, impotence, and decreased fertility in men. Manganism is a progressive, disabling neurological syndrome that typically begins with relatively mild symptoms and evolves to include dull affect, altered gait, fine tremor, and sometimes psychiatric disturbances. Because some of these symptoms resemble those of Parkinson s disease, many investigators have used terms such as Parkinsonian-like disease and manganese-induced Parkinsonism to describe symptoms observed with manganese poisoning. As the disease progresses, walking becomes difficult and a characteristic staggering gait develops, the cock walk, in which patients strut on their toes, with elbows flexed and the spine erect (Calne et al., 1997). Few data are available regarding the reversibility of these effects; they are thought to be largely irreversible. In some cases, psychological disturbances (manganese mania, manganese psychosis) precede or accompany the final stages of disease (Rodier, 1955; Mena et al., 1967; Cook et al., 1974; Mergler & Baldwin, 1997). Following long-term or repeated exposure to manganese, humans may present neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders known under the term manganism. The health surveillance program of people exposed to manganese needs to include elements such as central nervous system disturbances (asthenia, anorexia, sleep problems, irritability, diminished libido). Manganese poisoning occurs through inhalation, contact with skin, and ingestion. 73. The City of River Rouge has incurred significant costs in response to the pollution of Defendant including testing and medical bills for its empoloyeesemployees and retires as a self insured municipality. 74. During and as a result of its various production processes, Defendant routinely discharges various toxic and hazardous substances, including, but not limited to, manganese, into the ambient air and thereby also to the soil in the vicinity of its Facilitythe USSGLW. They Defendant hashave shown no signs of altering their its behavior, complying with Federal or State environmental laws or otherwise being trusted to act responsibly. 75. Despite Defendants air discharge control equipment, many of the contaminants discharged and released by the Defendant and detected by Plaintiff, River Rouge, are at levels that constitute an imminent and substantial endangerment to the public health and welfare, cause irreparable harm to the public health and welfare, interfere with the enjoyment of life and of public and private property, exceed the federal initial screening level standards, exceed state soil exposure health standards, and damage public and private real and personal property. 76. Unless Defendants discharges and releases to the ambient air are stopped or significantly reduced, Defendants future air discharges will continue to present the same endangerment, harm, interferences, exceedances, and damages. COUNT I VIOLATION OF THE MICHIGAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT 77. Plaintiffs incorporates the allegations set forth in the above paragraphs. 78. Defendants releases and discharges of toxic and hazardous substances are open, notorious and continuing and clearly exceed acceptable levels. 79. As outlined above, scientific evidence accumulated to date conclusively demonstrates that the Facility is releasing and discharging toxic and hazardous substances at excessive levels. 80. In particular, the alarmingly high levels of manganese and other toxic and hazardous substances released and discharged by Defendant constitute an imminent and substantial endangerment to the residents of River Rouge health and welfare, cause irreparable harm to their health and welfare, interfere with their enjoyment of life and property, and damage their real and personal property. 81. The amount of Defendants continuing discharges of toxic and hazardous substances to the ambient air and soil substantially endanger and irreparably harm the public health and welfare and destroy unique, irreplaceable and fragile natural resources. 82. The Michigan Environmental and Natural Resources Act (hereafter the Act) provides for various remedies, including payment of fines, money damages, and attorney fees, all of which are at issue and requested by Plaintiff. 83. Defendants discharges to the ambient air toxic and hazardous substances that exceed health-based standards prescribed by the state under the law. 84. The Act also authorizes the court to find and declare that the Defendants discharges of toxic and hazardous substances to the ambient air and soil have violated said Act and to require the Defendant to restore such natural resources. 85. The City of River Rouge has complied with the notice provisions of the Act by providing written notice on March 24, 2004 to the Attorney General of its intent to file a civil lawsuit. No response was received, and thus this action can be maintained pursuant to the Act. COUNT II NEGLIGENCE 86. Plaintiffs incorporates the allegations set forth in the above paragraphs. 87. Defendant owed Plaintiff a duty to act reasonably under the existing circumstances and not to unreasonably pollute the ambient air and soil. 88. The frequency and amount of Defendants discharges and releases of toxic and hazardous substances to the ambient air and soils breached said duty. 89. Plaintiffs citizens health and welfare have been and are being jeopardized as a direct and proximate result of Defendants actions. 90. Plaintiffs and plaintiffs citizens real and personal property are being damaged as a direct and proximate result of Defendants actions. 91. Plaintiff has suffered, and will likely continue to incur economic damages, including the costs of testing and monitoring emissions from USSGLW that are compensable under Michigan negligence laws, and Defendant is liable for those damages. COUNT III PUBLIC NUISANCE 92. Plaintiffs incorporates the allegations set forth in the above paragraphs. 93. Defendants discharges of toxic and hazardous substances to the ambient air and soils have substantially and unreasonably interfered with the right of the public to have and enjoy unpolluted air and soils. 94. Defendants discharges of toxic and hazardous substances to the ambient air and soils have substantially and unreasonably interfered with the publics use and enjoyment of their real and personal property. 95. It is inevitable that if Defendants discharges of toxic and hazardous substances to the ambient air and soils remain unchanged, they will constitute a continuing public nuisance. 96. The court has the authority to remedy such present and future nuisances. 97. Plaintiff is entitled to monetary compensation for their its damages. COUNT IV MEDICAL MONITORING 98. Plaintiff on behalf of its fs citizens are is entitled to an Order requiring Defendants to pay for a reasonable system of monitoring the health of those people likely affected pursuant to published guidance and other medical registries. 99. Plaintiff requests the Court enter an Order for medical monitoring based upon evidence and findings submitted at a later date and received by the Court. RELIEF WHEREFORE, Plaintiff demands: A. A finding by the court that Defendants discharges to the ambient air and soils have been a public nuisance. B. An order enjoining future air discharges by the Defendant at nuisance levels. C. A finding by the court that Defendants discharges to the ambient air and soils were negligent and injured and damaged Plaintiff. D. An order requiring the Defendant to remediate all contamination of Plaintiffs real and personal property attributable to Defendant. E. An order requiring the Defendant to pay for a medical monitoring system. and reimburse Plaintiffs past and future health costs attributable to Defendants actions. F. An order requiring the Defendant to reimburse Plaintiff for past environmental testing and for future testing to ensure compliance and reduction of air pollution levels G. Award costs, interest and attorney fees. CHARFOOS & CHRISTENSON, P.C. Jason J. Thompson P-47184 L.S. Charfoos P-11799 Attorneys for Plaintiffs 5510 Woodward Avenue Detroit, Michigan 48202 (313) 875-8080 BERRY MOORMAN P.C. Hugh B. Thomas P-40884 James P. Murphy P-36728 Attorneys for Plaintiffs 535 Griswold, Suite 1900 Detroit, Michigan 48226 (313) 496-1200 Dated: 11/30/04 DEMAND FOR TRIAL BY JURY NOW COME the Plaintiffs, by and through their counsel, CHARFOOS & CHRISTENSEN, P.C., and hereby respectfully demands a trial by jury of the within cause of action. CHARFOOS & CHRISTENSON, P.C. Jason J. Thompson P-47184 L.S. Charfoos P-11799 Attorneys for Plaintiffs 5510 Woodward Avenue Detroit, Michigan 48202 (313) 875-8080 BERRY MOORMAN P.C. Hugh B. Thomas P-40884 James P. 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